Pleopeltis polypodioides, commonly known as the Resurrection Fern, is a remarkable fern species celebrated for its extraordinary ability to survive prolonged periods of desiccation. This epiphytic or lithophytic fern is a fascinating example of plant adaptation, capable of appearing dead during dry spells and then reviving with the return of moisture. Its resilience and unique life cycle make it a subject of significant interest in botanical and horticultural circles. Physically, Pleopeltis polypodioides is a small to medium-sized fern, typically growing to a height of about 6 to 12 inches. It possesses a creeping rhizome, which is a modified stem that grows horizontally underground or along the surface of its substrate, from which fronds emerge. The fronds are pinnately compound, meaning they are divided into leaflets, or pinnae, along a central stalk. Each frond is typically 10 to 25 cm long and 2 to 5 cm wide. The pinnae are ovate to oblong, with entire or slightly toothed margins. A distinctive feature of the Resurrection Fern is its ability to curl its fronds inward, becoming brittle and brown when dry, giving it the appearance of being dead. Upon rehydration, the fronds unfurl, regaining their green coloration and vitality. Sporangia, which contain spores, are borne in round sori on the undersides of the fertile fronds, typically arranged in two rows. The native distribution of Pleopeltis polypodioides is primarily in the southeastern United States, extending from Texas eastward to Florida and northward along the Atlantic coast. It is also found in parts of Mexico and the Caribbean. This fern thrives in humid environments and is commonly found growing on the bark of trees, particularly oaks and cypresses, as well as on rocks and decaying logs. Its natural habitat includes moist woodlands, swamps, and along stream banks. In cultivation, Pleopeltis polypodioides prefers shady, humid conditions with well-drained, organic-rich soil or a suitable substrate for epiphytic growth. It is relatively low-maintenance when provided with its preferred conditions, making it an attractive choice for terrariums, hanging baskets, or as an epiphyte on tree branches in suitable climates. The most notable biological characteristic of Pleopeltis polypodioides is its poikilohydric nature, meaning its water content fluctuates with the environment. This allows it to survive extreme dehydration, a process known as anhydrobiosis. When water becomes scarce, the fern’s cells lose water, and its metabolic processes slow down to an almost imperceptible rate. Upon reintroduction of water, cellular functions resume, and the fern revives. This remarkable adaptation is a key factor in its survival in environments that experience seasonal drought. While not typically cultivated for culinary or medicinal purposes, its ornamental value lies in its unique appearance and fascinating revival capability, making it a popular choice for collectors and enthusiasts of unusual plants. Its ecological role involves contributing to the biodiversity of its native habitats and providing microhabitats for small invertebrates.