Lepidium oxycarpum, commonly known as Sharp-pod Pepper-grass, is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. This annual herb is characterized by its distinctive fruits, which are typically ovate to broadly ovate and sharply keeled, giving the plant its common name. The plant plays a role within its native ecosystems, contributing to the biodiversity of its natural habitats. Physically, Lepidium oxycarpum is a relatively small herbaceous plant, usually reaching heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. Its growth habit is generally erect or ascending. The leaves are variable; basal leaves are often petiolate and can be entire or toothed, while the stem leaves are typically sessile and entire or remotely toothed. The inflorescence is a raceme bearing small, inconspicuous flowers. Each flower possesses four white petals, which are often shorter than the sepals, and six stamens. Following flowering, the plant produces its characteristic silicles, which are the fruits. These silicles are flattened, indehiscent or dehiscent, and contain one or two seeds. The seeds are small, ovoid, and typically reddish-brown. The native distribution of Lepidium oxycarpum is primarily in the Mediterranean region, extending into parts of Western Asia. It is often found in disturbed areas, such as roadsides, fields, and waste ground, as well as in more natural habitats like sandy soils and coastal areas. This species generally prefers well-drained soils and can tolerate a range of light conditions, from full sun to partial shade. Cultivation requirements are not widely documented for ornamental purposes, but its natural habitat suggests it thrives in arid to semi-arid conditions with minimal water once established. While Lepidium oxycarpum is not widely recognized for significant ornamental, agricultural, or medicinal uses, its ecological role within its native range is noteworthy. As a member of the Brassicaceae family, it contributes to the plant communities it inhabits. Some species within the Lepidium genus have historical uses, but specific, well-established applications for Lepidium oxycarpum are not extensively documented in scientific literature. Its primary significance lies in its botanical identity and its contribution to the flora of the Mediterranean basin. An interesting characteristic of Lepidium oxycarpum is the variability observed in its morphology, particularly in leaf shape and fruit characteristics, which has led to taxonomic discussions. The sharp keels on its fruits are a key diagnostic feature, distinguishing it from closely related species. Like other members of the pepper-grass genus, it is an annual, completing its life cycle within a single growing season, from germination to seed production. This life strategy allows it to colonize ephemeral habitats and exploit favorable conditions when they arise.